** As the seasons change and nature begins to bloom, many people welcome the warmth and colour of spring.
But for millions around the world, spring also signals the return of a less-welcome visitor, seasonal allergies.
Characterized by sneezing, nasal congestion, itchy eyes, and fatigue, seasonal allergies can significantly affect quality of life.
This guide explores the causes of seasonal allergies, along with effective strategies for prevention, treatment, and relief.
What Causes Seasonal Allergies?
Seasonal allergies, also known as hay fever or allergic rhinitis, are caused by an overreaction of the immune system to airborne substances that are harmless to most people.
The most common culprits include:
Pollen from trees (spring), grasses (late spring to summer), and weeds (late summer to fall)
Mold spores, which thrive in damp environments
Air pollutants, which can exacerbate allergic responses
When a person with seasonal allergies breathes in these allergens, their immune system mistakenly identifies them as threats and releases chemicals such as histamine to fight them off. This immune response results in the classic allergy symptoms.
Common Symptoms of Seasonal Allergies
- Sneezing
- Runny or stuffy nose
- Itchy or watery eyes
- Postnasal drip
- Cough
- Fatigue
- Pressure in the sinuses or facial pain
These symptoms may range from mild to severe and can impact daily productivity, sleep quality, and overall well-being.
How to Treat Seasonal Allergies
1. Over-the-Counter (OTC) Medications
- Antihistamines (e.g., cetirizine, loratadine) help relieve sneezing, runny nose, and itching.
- Decongestants (e.g., pseudoephedrine) reduce nasal swelling for easier breathing.
- Nasal corticosteroids (e.g., fluticasone, mometasone) help reduce inflammation and symptoms at the source.
- Eye drops can alleviate itchy or watery eyes.
2. Prescription Medications
For more severe allergies, a doctor may prescribe:
- Stronger antihistamines or corticosteroids
- Leukotriene receptor antagonists (e.g., montelukast)
- Nasal sprays that combine antihistamines and steroids
3. Immunotherapy (Allergy Shots or Sublingual Tablets)
Allergy immunotherapy gradually desensitizes the immune system to allergens. It's ideal for those who don't respond well to medications or want long-term relief.
Prevention and Lifestyle Management
1. Monitor Pollen Counts
Check daily pollen forecasts and limit outdoor activities during peak times (typically early morning).
2. Keep Windows Closed
Use air conditioning to filter the air and keep allergens out of your home and car.
3. Use High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filters
Air purifiers with HEPA filters can reduce indoor allergens, especially in bedrooms.
4. Shower and Change Clothes
After spending time outdoors, shower and change to remove pollen from your skin and hair.
5. Clean Regularly
Dust and vacuum with HEPA-filtered vacuums. Reduce mold by using dehumidifiers and fixing leaks promptly.
Natural Remedies and Supplements
Some people find relief using natural options, although results vary:
- Saline nasal irrigation: Helps flush out allergens and clear nasal passages.
- Butterbur: An herbal supplement shown in some studies to help with nasal symptoms.
- Quercetin: A natural plant flavonoid that may stabilize mast cells and reduce histamine release.
- Probiotics: May help regulate immune responses.
Note: Always consult a healthcare provider before starting any supplement.
When to See a Doctor
If symptoms are severe, persistent, or interfering with your daily life, consult an allergist. They can perform skin or blood tests to identify specific allergens and tailor a treatment plan to your needs.
The Bottom Line
Seasonal allergies may be common, but they don't have to control your life. With the right mix of medications, environmental controls, and healthy habits, you can minimize symptoms and make the most of the season. Talk to your healthcare provider about what treatments are best for you.
References
1. American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (ACAAI). Hay Fever (Allergic Rhinitis). https://acaai.org/allergies/allergic-conditions/hay-fever
2. Mayo Clinic. Hay fever (allergic rhinitis). https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hay-fever
3. Cleveland Clinic. Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever). https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8610-allergic-rhinitis
4. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH). Seasonal Allergies and Complementary Health Approaches. https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/seasonal-allergies